浮雕雕塑制作过程中失蜡法的具体操作步骤有哪些？失蜡法可用于任何可以燃烧、熔化或蒸发以离开模腔的材料。
What are the specific operation steps of wax loss method in the production process of relief sculpture? The wax loss method can be used for any material that can be burned, melted or evaporated to leave the mold cavity.
该模型由聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制成，放置在由盖子和拖船组成的铸造瓶中，然后装入铸造砂。泡沫支撑着沙子，如果这个过程完全依赖沙子，这种形状是不可能的。金属被倒入，利用它的热量使泡沫蒸发。
The model is made of polystyrene foam, placed in a casting bottle consisting of a lid and a tug, and then filled with casting sand. The foam supports the sand. If this process is completely dependent on the sand, this shape is impossible. The metal is poured in and its heat is used to evaporate the foam.
一般来说，艺术家或模具制造商使用蜡、粘土或其他材料制作原始模型。蜡和油基粘土通常是不错的选择，因为这些材料保持柔软。
In general, artists or mold manufacturers use wax, clay or other materials to make original models. Waxes and oil-based clays are usually good choices because these materials remain soft.
模具由原始模型或雕塑制成。刚性外模包含一个较软的内模，与原来的完全相反。内模通常由乳胶、聚氨酯橡胶或硅胶制成，并由外模支撑。外模可以用石膏制作，也可以用玻璃纤维或其他材料制作。
Molds are made from original models or sculptures. The rigid outer mold contains a softer inner mold, which is completely opposite to the original one. The inner mold is usually made of latex, polyurethane rubber or silica gel and supported by the outer mold. The external mold can be made of gypsum, glass fiber or other materials.
山东浮雕雕塑厂家认为，大多数模具少由两件组成，在施工时在零件之间放置一个带键的垫片，以便将模具准确地重新组装在一起。如果有长而薄的零件从模型中伸出，它们通常会从原件上切割下来并单独成型。有时需要许多模具来重新创建原始模型，尤其是大型模型。
Shandong relief sculpture manufacturers believe that most molds are composed of at least two pieces. During construction, a key gasket is placed between the parts to accurately reassemble the molds. If long and thin parts protrude from the model, they are usually cut from the original and formed separately. Sometimes many stencils are needed to recreate the original model, especially large models.
模具完成后，将熔化的蜡倒在上面并摆动，直到均匀的涂层覆盖模具的内表面，通常约1/8英寸（3毫米）厚。重复此过程，直到达到所需的厚度。
After the mold is finished, pour the melted wax on it and swing it until a uniform coating covers the inner surface of the mold, usually about 1 / 8 inch (3 mm) thick. Repeat this process until the required thickness is reached.
另一种方法是用熔化的蜡填充整个模具并让它冷却，直到在模具表面形成所需的厚度。之后，将剩余的蜡再次倒出，将模具倒置，让蜡层冷却硬化。使用这种方法更难控制蜡层的整体厚度。
Another method is to fill the whole mold with molten wax and let it cool until the required thickness is formed on the surface of the mold. After that, pour out the remaining wax again, invert the mold and let the wax layer cool and harden. Using this method, it is more difficult to control the overall thickness of the wax layer.
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